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| Weather |
| 翻譯訂China Post 輕鬆讀 Guide Post 網路價 半年只要 2,700 !! 訂閱 與氣候變遷共存 在加勒比海地區,逐漸進逼的海洋已經構成威脅
這漁村位於格瑞那達東側,舊有的沿海道路現在浸泡在幾呎深的混濁海水之下,海浪經常湧過一道用卡車輪胎和漂木草草搭建的堤防。 對於生活在加勒比海南部這個島嶼沿岸地區的德斯蒙奧克斯汀和其他漁民來說,海平面升高所構成的威脅不是什麼理論問題。奧古斯汀的漁村房子都是用高蹺架起的簡陋鐵皮屋,他在這座漁村附近說:「海會把這一切都沖垮。我們幾乎無能為力。」 東格瑞那達這一片脆弱土地上的人幾十年來一直看著海洋蠶食海岸線,這都是猛烈風暴帶來的怒潮引起的,氣候變遷也使情形更雪上添霜。 科學家和愈來愈多政府官員擔心,假如有關氣候變遷效應的預測不幸而言中,格瑞那達這一片岌岌可危的土地所預演的正是加勒比海許多地區日後的境況。在加勒比海地區,七成的人居住在沿海的聚落。 事實上,跨政府氣候變遷專門委員會在二○○七年提出的報告指出,二○○四年伊凡颶風帶給格瑞那達的重創「有力地突顯了小島嶼脆弱性的現實」。據這群科學家的報告說,這場颶風奪走了廿八條人命,引起的破壞相當於該國兩年的國內生產毛額。 專家說,不斷升高的海平面以及強烈風暴帶來的漲潮,預料將會在未來數十年間讓海岸線大幅改觀,並引起鉅大的經濟和社會代價。有人相信依賴旅遊業的加勒比海地區是最球最脆弱的地區之一。 科學家和電腦模擬估計,到了二一○○年,全球的海平面可能會升高至少一公尺。在加勒比海共同體十五國中,這或許會造成十一萬人流離失所,同時使約一百五十個價值以百萬美元計的旅遊景點消失。 在東格瑞那達,潮汐漲退較大的幅度已經帶來了異常的高潮,使海水倒灌到河流裡。農民抱怨說,海水入侵造成了穀物受損。 伊凡颶風重創格瑞那達之後,政府在內陸地區興建了住宅社區。艾德利安喬治是準備搬進這個社區的沿海居民之一。他說:「我已經準備好要搬上山了。在這裡,海浪將愈來愈接近我們,直到把我們完全捲走為止。」 | |||
| Living with climate change | |||||
| The encroaching sea is already a threat in the Caribbean
The old coastal road in this fishing village at the eastern edge of Grenada sits under a couple of feet of murky saltwater, which regularly surges past a hastily-erected breakwater of truck tires and bundles of driftwood. For Desmond Augustin and the other fishermen living along the shorelines of the southern Caribbean island, there's nothing theoretical about the threat of rising sea levels. "The sea will take this whole place down," Augustin said near his village of tin-roofed shacks built on stilts. "There's not a lot we can do about it." The people along this vulnerable stretch of eastern Grenada have been watching the sea eat away at their shoreline in recent decades, a result of ferocious storm surges made worse by climate change. If climate change impact predictions come true, scientists and a growing number of government officials worry that this stressed swath of Grenada could preview what's to come for many other areas in the Caribbean, where 70 percent of people live in coastal settlements. In fact, a 2007 report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said the devastation wreaked on Grenada by 2004's Hurricane Ivan "is a powerful illustration of the reality of small-island vulnerability." The hurricane killed 28 people and caused damage twice the nation's gross domestic product, according to the climate scientists' report. Rising sea levels and surges from more intense storms are expected to dramatically transform shorelines in the coming decades, bringing enormous economic and social costs, experts say. The tourism-dependent Caribbean is thought to be one of the globe's most vulnerable regions. Scientists and computer models estimate that global sea levels could rise by at least 1 meter by 2100. In the 15 nations that make up the Caribbean Community bloc, that could mean the displacement of 110,000 people and the loss of some 150 multimillion-U.S. dollar tourist resorts. In eastern Grenada, people say greater tidal fluctuations have produced unusually high tides that send seawater rushing up rivers. Farmers complain that crops are getting damaged by the intrusion of the salty water. Adrian George is one of the coastal residents preparing to move into an inland apartment complex built by the Chinese government following the devastation left by Hurricane Ivan. "I'm now ready to move up to the hills," George said. "Here, the waves will just keep getting closer and closer until we get swept away." | |||||
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